Globalist: The Journey Towards (from colonization to Orwellian World)

Part II. Middle East and North Africa (Political Economy)

The political economy of the region may be described by many in different ways (i.e. Middle East Policy Council , Gulf Research Center, or Market Watch), however, there few facts which overshadow all other explanations of the political economy of the region.

First, the demand for food and lack of agricultural land has led to perpetual unrest by the region's population. Second, water scarcity has been a source of war and constant contention over territories. Finally, oil, lack of planning, and lack of business ethics continues to deprive people and countries of their own resources.

The regional unrest, although may resemble a desire for a better political system as demonstrated in 2011, does not changed the three facts which has led to perpetual unhappiness throughout this region. Additionally, there is no historical evidence to suggest that lack political, economic, and social ethics will vanish or water suddenly appear, or people become better planners of their resources. 

Western Europe and the US, unlike China and Russia are the illusion that they can influence the region to change. However, as historical interferences and their results demonstrate (such as separating Arabian Peninsula from the Ottoman empire in early 20th century), one bad scenario is replaced with the worse one.      

Globalist: The Journey Towards (from colonization to Orwellian World)

i. Middle East & North Africa (from colonization to Orwellian World)
Part 1.

Just as Orwell’s Animal Farm was well intended by all animal to treat each other with fairness and equality, the revolutions spreading throughout the Middle-East and North Africa Since the end of colonization era in the 20^th century, have intended to create employment for all, equity with western powers, establish their own values, and be fair to all their citizens. In a way, revolutions are continuing, yet, as in the Animal Farm, Old Benjamins, continue their obstinate ways, would it be lack of volunteering, lack of ethics, or lack of propensity to move anything forward. Although the barn was liberated but the old animosities and rivalries were replaced by the ones among the animals as was the case between Napoleon and Snowball (two of the characters of the Animal Farm). So is the irony of revolutions, uprisings, and alike. In a cycle of life, animals of the Farm, long after the revolution, some became more equal than others while many of them dead and forgotten. Yet, production remained the same, old injustices were replaced with new ones, and democracy was a temporary phase making the change possible to a new Farm.

Extending from lower Asia to the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Eden, Black Sea, and Mediterranean, Middle East is riddled with ethnicities, tribes, and ancient animosities that do not lend themselves to harmony, regional cooperation creating any sustainable economic development. The Middle Eastern cultural complexities defy any Hofsdate’s cultural dimensions. Their rivalries is embedded in and at multiple levels of cross borders, cross tribal boundaries, cross cultural, cross ethnicities, cross religious, and cross language differences, hindering the region incapable of becoming a unified region competing effectively in a globalized world Global Issues. This prelude provides the context to the dialectical changes in the political economy of the region in the globalized world that I will address next.                   

       

       

            

Globalist: The Journey Towards (What Next?)

So far, I have created a context for our journey towards globalization. Now, I need to outline where our globe goes from here. To fully unfold globalization, going forward, I will address the following:

1. Global Regional Political Economy
    i. Middle East & North Africa (from colonization to Orwellian World) 
   ii. Asia & Indian sub-Continent (un-ending stream of ethnicities)
  iii. China, Taiwan, Japan (the oddities)
  iv. Australia, New Zealand, & S.E. Asia ( The Barriers and Reefs)
   v. East & West of Europe (one continent, two views)
  vi. North America
 vii. South America

2. Economic Case for trade and globalization
   i. Comparative advantage
  ii. Accumulation of capital & exploitation of Labor
 iii. Expanding Markets at the expense of resources & Environment
 iv. Class warfare

3. Corporations vs. People
   i. Multinationals & cross cultural organizations
  ii. In Search of resources
 iii. Follow the money trails
 iv. Logistics & supply chain

4. NGOs & GOs
   i. Their role in globalization
  ii. Their influence on economies
 iii. Building Bridges while bombing the masses

5. Global Citizen: Orwell's hero, Winston, meeting the inevitability      
  

Globalist: The Journey Towards (Sovereign Debts & Political Instability, and Social Networks)

Ireland, Spain, Portugal, just to name a few debtor nations, have reached a point of financial impasse. The people in the debtor nations do not want to pay for the public good provided and; hence, the governments are spending more than they are collecting taxes.

As financial crisis continues, political crisis is expanding. As of today, Kurds are digging in and expanding their protests in Turkey as the Arab uprising continues from the North Africa to the Mediterranean shores and to Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf.      

The culprit for political instability may be contributed to (1) lack of cohesive regional powers as was the case during the cold war era of the 20^th century and (2) social networking technologies enabling people spread information without adequate processing of information to create knowledge, analyze, apply, and synthesize to intelligently articulate them.   

Globalist: The Journey Towards (Can We Manage it?)

Globalization has brought about new efficiencies in logistics, operations, cross border economic transactions, and through global organizations such as UN, IMF, and World Bank has provided new opportunities for world communities to discuss and address political and economic issues. Yet, globalization has been shifting sand blown around by old regional ethnic rivalries, religious factions, and new economic powers and new rogue governments.   

World War II led the way to formation of UN as we know it today to prevent wars and help social developments and maintain human dignity in light of man-made and natural disasters.  Other economic institutions such as IMF to help governments maintain their economic systems and assist in creating a balance between various currencies while World Bank provided a venue to assist with development of infra-structures for less developed and developing countries.  

At the first glance, governments’ experiences with dramatic human sacrifices during WWII paved the way for genuine efforts by institutions to create honest global efforts to prevent global man-made disasters. However, 60 years later, the result of globalization has ended in amassing unbelievable foreign reserve fortune in the hands of China (China's Foreign Reserve Power) that can truly buy US military forces in its entirety, the US agricultural business with all its assets, and few other US assets, crippling or mandating US to do as it pleases. To further weaken the globalization positive development, after the fall of Soviet bloc, corruption from Eastern Europe (Eastern European Corruption) is beginning to find inroad into the Western Europe through their mergers with European Union. Other issues such as Iran and Kurds continue to hunt positive aspects of globalization.   

Iran, to maintain its power internally, must create enemies externally to rally its population to support its regime. In doing so, Iran has allied itself with Hamas, Hezbollah, and Syria. In addition it has exploited the historical differences between the Shiites and the Sunnis (Iran vs. The World). There are other countries such as Korea, just to name a few, who continue to usurp the rights of their people and be a torn in the otherwise rosy prospect in the globalization path. In addition to the rogue nations, there are also regional ethnic issues in Africa, Asia, and Europe that keeps globalization progress slow and many ethnic groups subject to oppression. One such example is the ethnic group known as Kurds. They are spread from Western Iran to Northern Iraq, North East of Syria, and Southern Part of Turkey and into the West of Armenia. Oppressed by all governments, deprived of their rights, these ethnic groups are subjected to political oppression, lack of economic opportunities, and lack of access to power through peaceful means.   

Globalization, like any other changing phenomena, is existential and dialectical. Therefore, we can keep writing about how to manage international corporations, how to manage global Human Resources, and how to manage many other business-related and management-related issues but the best we can do is to begin a more fundamental conversation about can we navigate through globalization rather than simply wishful thinking that we can manage it.   

Globalist: The Journey Towards (Drugs, Oil, and Ethics)

The first decade of the 21^st century gave us an additional dimension to the concept of globalization. From Afghanistan to Argentina, from Mexico to Iran, and from Columbia to the United States, drug dealers have become a more powerful force in dictating daily lives of millions of people while holding communities, countries, and international political economy landscape hostage INTERPOL.

Too often, as a way of funding terrorism and, state controlled political machineries such as Iran and Afghanistan engage in smuggling operations to earn hard currencies, create foreign reserves, and maintain social obedience Iran's Drug Trafficking.

Oil and gas has become a powerful weapon in globalized oil dependent economies. At one end, the oil companies can fund and influence political landscapes Oil in American Politics and on the end, governments such as Russian government can use the gas resources to manipulate and exploit the fortunes of old Soviet Republics such as Ukraine and exert pressure on Western Europe every winter Gas & Politics, Mixing Oil, Gas, & Politics.     

As Drugs, gas, and oil have become tools of mass destructions in the hands of government officials and other criminals, what has happened to global ethics? Where did global ethics go? Can we agree on some foundational definition of good versus bad? There are attempts by educational institutions and journals to bring together diverse perspectives in addressing ethics such as Center for Global Ethics, think tank groups such as The Millennium Project. However, unless we can define an acceptable term that can be applied to individuals to help each person do the right thing in this globalized world, we will continue to struggle with individuals and governments who have ill intentions towards others.     

Globalist: The Journey Towards (Currency Influence)

A country’s currency can provide a powerful tool in dictating the stabilization of the global order. As such, the US dollar in addition to its use in the United States, is the official currency of British Virgin Islands, Caribbean Netherlands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Panama, and Turks and Caicos Islands. In addition, the US dollar is used as an official parallel currency in Cambodia, Lebanon, Liberia, and Zimbabwe. Finally, numerous countries and their people hold dollar as a reserve to hedge themselves against rampant inflation and uncertainty Federal Reserve Board.

Second, a currency such as Euro (€) reflects the collective will of member states and their underlying collective economic power and problems in 17 countries. Euro is the official currency of Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Finland Euro Area.

Although, officially, US dollar and Euro are adopted by approximately 10% of the global population, over 50% of the global population use them as an alternative to hedge themselves against inflation in countries where these  currencies are not the official currency keeping their value high.    

Therefore, globalization can be influenced by the extent of a currency’s influence as much as political and economic pressures may be used in the pursuit of securing natural resources to fuel economies.  

Globalist: The Journey Towards (Military & Political Dynamics)

Globalization, through economic transactions, political involvements, and competition to acquire natural resources to feed each country’s economic engine, has led to emergence of new powers with each following different path.

China, India, Russia, Brazil, and the South East Asian countries who are growing economically and politically have pursued non-military intervention managing their budget, leaving the US to fight all the world battles, draining US GDP for wars around the world.      

While the US government pursues a two prong policy (which most often are in direct conflict), aligning itself with countries of military logistical importance and trying to expand market wherever possible to increase corporate profitability in the US and grow its tax revenue base.

In contrast, China, India, Russia, Brazil, and the South Asian economies through personal, cultural, economic, and other form of exchanges remain aloof and find alliances where possible and take action through regional cooperation and speak through the UN resolutions where appropriate without any military actions.     

The current dynamics have extended the US forces from Germany to South Korea, Bahrain, Guam, and many other places and its naval force scattered in various oceans, depleting its budgetary resources and creating an imperialist impression of itself among foes and friends.

In the midst of the current positing by major economic powers, Western Europe takes action by using the US military resources in most parts via NATO alliance while putting restraints on US foreign policy strategies.   

Globalist: The Journey Towards (Natural Resources)

The major economic players (by their market size, global trade, and their market potential for growth), in order of their current potential, are China, India, South America, North America, South East Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East, and Africa (World Map).

In terms of market expansion and growth, China, India, South East Asia, and South America are exploiting and completing for natural resources and technology wherever possible (IMF & The World Bank). This intense competition for resources has led to rise in the price of commodities and over valuation of companies who are directly engaged in mining, logistics, exploration, and extraction of the resources needed to fuel the economic engines (Chicago Mercantile Exchange, London Commodity Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange). For example, gold with many industrial uses and a hedging mechanism against currencies purchasing power,  economic policy uncertainties, and lack of action by many central banks to respond to real inflation, have risen from approximately $32 per ounce in 1972 to over $1460 in the first quarter of 2011. Also, the stock valuation of companies such as Caterpillar that is engaged in exploration, logistics, and extraction of minerals, building mining infra structure, and building roads, has risen from approximately $8 per share in April of 1990 to almost $110 in April of 2011. 

As a globalist, we must question the never ending vicious cycle of rising commodity prices in response to uncontrollable consumption, seeking alternatives in feeding new emerging economies, and sustaining our natural resources as global citizens. Furthermore, as globalists, we should also week ways to address how nations can work together to address the issue without using wars or political intimidation.       

    

Globalist: A Journey Towards (NGOs & IGOs: Costs & Benefits)

In today’s global world, there are many intergovernmental organizations (IGO) upholding political, economic, and social agreements (IGOs/Beyond Intractability) among them. In addition, there are many nongovernmental organizations NGO (NGOs with UNESCO Relations/Berkley NGO Listing) addressing topics and issues that governmental agencies cannot address or cannot afford to address.

Despite the number of NGOs and IGOs, political conflicts continue escalating in various regions of the world, economic disparity continues to grow, and social issues such as exploitation of children, human trafficking, hunger, and injustice is overshadowing any organization’s will to eradicate them.

In many cases, NGOs and IGOs must face economic reality, who should be burden with their expense and who should benefit from actions. For example, when Libyan people fighting each other to liberate their country from tyranny, US used over 100 missiles each at the cost of 1 million in addition to fuel costs, deployment costs, and other support services which tallies well over 250 million dollars in a 48 hour period. While American taxpayers undertake the cost, Libyans benefit from the action. In addition, as NATO took over the responsibility of defending Libyan people, the member states must support the actions financially, sacrificing their soldiers, and pay for all activities associated with it. However, NATO members may actually bring about a government which may be more hostile in attitude, more terroristic in action, and more belligerent in its attitude in dealing with its own people and the global citizens.  

As we move towards globalizations we must find a way to equalize the benefits and costs for all nations. The question is how we go about paying for IGOs and NGOs to address the equity in burden and benefits emanating from their actions.

Globalist: A Journey Towards (Educational Misalignment)

As the need for 24/7 customer service grows, companies (domestic and multinationals) look to other countries with different time zones to offer the service that their customer demands.  However, the journey has been turbulent. However, as Wall Street journal reports*, some of the biggest countries such as India are not educationally prepared to respond to this growing need. Therefore, many US and European companies may have to look around the globe to satisfy their needs. However, if a company cannot find 3000 suitably educated employees in a country of 1.2 billion, what would be the chances of success in other places!  

Since his election, Obama has been telling the nation that we lack qualified individuals with math and scientific skills. As anecdotal evidence by various journals suggest, emerging economies’ educational system also lack critical thinking and many other computer and technical skills which are vital to preparing current or future work force in a global environment.   

As globalists, to take care of global problem, we should begin examining the local issues and how they create such global issues and how can we address them.  Western Europe and the US suffering from budgetary issues, educational support has been reduced and people are left to their means or lack of their means to educate themselves. In Many Asian (although countries like S. Korea and China is competing for Western educators to build their educational systems) and Middle Eastern countries, lack of sufficient educational funding combined with old fashion philosophy of education where learning is by memory and critical thinking, the work force is not appropriately ready to become engaged in a global commerce, cultural exchange where many variables can distort communication and understanding.  

So, the question is that where do we go from here to address educational misalignments to prepare ourselves for a global perspective where we can build on our cultural diversity, skills, abilities, and knowledge to create a better world for the entire humanity????    

*http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703515504576142092863219826.html?mod=WSJ_World_LEFTSecondNews       

Globalist: A Journey Towards (Political, Social, and Natural Upheaval)

Globalization brought intertwining political, economic, and to some extent social systems challenging the rigid religious and social systems and in some cases creating chaos in the midst of what was intended to be efficiency and order.

In a short span of time, in early 2011, oppression, despotism, and political dogma was faced with relentless uprising across northern Africa and various Arabian Peninsula countries. As these events were underway,   natural disasters from flood in Australia to Japan’s earth quick and tsunami, South East Asia’s volcano eruptions, and Pakistan’s flood, adding to previous year’s draught in Eastern Europe, is sending commodity prices such as oil higher by about 25%, food by about 10%, while economic stagnation keeping wages relatively low.

Once again globalization is under siege—not by union members picketing their employers or anarchists disrupting global conferences but by political, social, and natural forces. As commodities such as oil becomes more rare, Indian and Chinese airline market and car market expands aggravating the shortage of oil supplies while global food shortages cannot keep up with the growth of human population. Additionally, many companies, which for decades have come to rely on just-in-time supply chain, are facing massive disruptions in their supply chain caused by the Japanese earthquake.       

Globalist: A Journey Towards (Economic decoupling)

During the second half of the 20^th century, as decolonization was underway and the Soviet Empire collapsed under its own weight, multinationals began reversing their vertical corporate structure in favor of more flat organizations to minimize their exposure to local risk, improve profitability, and focus on operational areas where they have more expertise.  

Multinational organizations began transforming themselves from vertical to horizontal structures. Many organizations with vertical integration for mining resources, logistics, production, marketing, and distribution at the retail point, began selling parts of their operations to locals and became experts in their own area of expertise.

By the beginning of the 21^st century, multinationals had reshaped themselves into smaller organizations with many of their peripheral work being outsourced to contractors and where appropriate sending expatriates to foreign locations and offshoring some divisions based on their needs. Therefore, while multinationals, operating in few countries morphed into global companies (operating in many countries), they disengaged from local events, and moved many of their main assets to home country. The trend led to competition between emerging and under-developed economies for global businesses’ outsourcing contracts.

The shift in global economies through competition for outsourcing of global companies or in some instances for outsourcing of local companies led to fierce concession of wages while commodity prices led to inflationary trends. The gap between wages and costs of living by workers everywhere had led to mass global dissatisfaction by workers while capitalist continue to thrive in the short term. The question is: How these gaps, new organizations’ format, and disparity in wages will determine the future of globalization?        

Globalist: A Journey Towards (Political Geography)

In the early 20th century, several developments defined the shape of globalization.

Arabian Peninsula's liberation from Ottoman Empire led to formation of loose federation of small Arab states which were organized based on tribal affiliation although sectarian religious undercurrent was present.  The Russian revolution, on the other hand, created an opportunity for Stalin and Eastern European leaders to create tightly controlled state monopolies on all aspects of life which was in full swing by the end of WWII.

As WWII was ended, Western Europe, standing as a surrogate power for the US, stood in opposition to the Eastern European alliances. Before the end of 1940s, Mao consolidated its control of the vast Chinese territories. Soon, India led to by Gandhi’s peaceful movement began its decolonization process which turned into final separation of its territories as to what we know today as Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.

During 1950s a host of movements led to many African and Asian independence movements ending an era of colonization. In 1960s with the US involvement in the S.E. Asia, the political geography was redefined and new political alliances were shaped.              

During 1970s, Cold War was in full swing when many third world countries (little economic means and without any technology, social, or political infrastructure comparable to those of the Soviet Union or the US and its allies) aligned themselves to the Soviet bloc in many cases but were just pawns played in a well-crafted game between the Soviets and the US.

During 1980s, as the Soviet bloc fell and the Berlin Wall came down, the ideological battlegrounds of political differences gave way to economic rivalries. These changes gave rise to new economic opportunities to be exploited by international companies and shape the new face of globalization in the 21^st century.                       

Globalist: A Journey Towards (What is it?)

Various sources define globalization differently. Here, I have provided few resources that can help you investigate and form your own definition of globalization.

1. www.globalization101.org    for beginners
2. www.imf.org/external/np/exr/key/global.htm advanced macro economic analysis
3. http://youthink.worldbank.org/issues/ global issues from World Bank perspective
4. http://www.infed.org/biblio/globalization.htm an academic perspective of globalization
5. http://www.cato.org/globalization Cato Institute's perspective of globalization       

Globalist: A Journey Towards (Personal Cultural Pyramid)

Personal Cultural Pyramid

I have begun theorizing, although I have not had the opportunity to research or write about it, that individual cultural orientation is directly related to the individual accumulative experiences as manifested by upbringing, environment, exposure to diversity, relationship with others.

This view, while considers one's national cultural orientation as the basis, it builds on that with experiences which forms an individual cultural pyramid that is distinct from a vast regional, national, and sub-culture orientation despite their influences. Therefore, in a global environment, we face multitudes of individuals with different perspective of globalized world. 

I speculate that approaching diversity with personal cultural pyramid approach which is build on implicit knowledge rather than explicit description of one's culture as defined by anthropological observation of a nation, would be most fruitful in understanding an individual rather than trying to categorize many in one culture which can deprive us of valuable insight into how an individual perceives reality and reacts to it.

The debate then arises as to how do we negotiate business basis of a contract or personal relationship if parties are from two different countries or simply from two different regions of a same country?

Globalist: A Journey Towards

Providing social, economic, political, and ethical context of globalization, we will now address the cultural context. In addressing the topic, we will use Geert Hofestede's power distance as a starting point. Truly, it was a pleasure to meet such knowledgeable individual in one of the annual Academy of Management conferences and have the opportunity to chat with him for few minutes.

Hofestede's views on cultural differences is an excellent start by an academic leader but by no means comprehensive, complete, or portrays an accurate picture of cultural differences. For example, his views on Iran is inaccurate about the country before and after the 1979 revolution. Hofestede viewed Iran as one homogeneous country when articulating the power distance theory before the revolution and assumed is like an Arab nation after the revolution. However, Iran is neither homogeneous nor at any time like any other Arab or Muslim country. Therefore, if not for other countries, at the minimum his power distance theory has fundamental flows when addressing Iran and cannot be used to understand the true nature of global citizens' cultures. After all, Iran includes multitude of cultures (Turkmans, Uzbeks, Arabs, Azaris, and many more) where even Arabs from South West of Iran do not see themselves as a part of the Arab world.   

So, how as global citizens, can we understand and communicate with other global citizens to minimize misunderstanding, appreciate our sense of diversity, and build on a common ground to proceed. How should we approach culture to better understand others?

Globalist: A Journey Towards

globalist: Globalist: A Journey Towards: "As complex relationships between different economic and social classes was developed and political dynamic played a pivotal role in determin..."

Globalist: A Journey Towards

As complex relationships between different economic and social classes was developed and political dynamic played a pivotal role in determining the fate of classes with less economic clout, ethics became a force that legal system could use as a basis to dispense justice. Immanuel Kant, in his Ethical Philosophy described ethics as what ordinary citizen can experience through daily activity in distinguishing right and wrong. Kant advanced his idea of ethics in the German context in 1770-1780s; hence his view did not reflect a universal perspective of ethics nor did it address the complex notion of what ethical behavior should be in multicultural global world that we live in.

In the 1970s, rising from the French culture, Foucault in Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, viewed ethics as the juxtaposition of the soul, the self, and the relentless desire of the state to force individuals to give up their rights to abide by political will which may not reflect the collective wisdom about right and wrong.  

With the evolution of the ethical perspective in our global environment and lack of sufficient independent secular ethicists who could articulate ethics in places like China and the Middle East, globalization through economic activities and inter-dependency continued to expand and manifest itself creating new complexities in defining ethics in socio-economic and political relations within each country and within the global community.    
       

Globalist: A Journey Towards

One of the early visionaries who merged social, economic, and political concerns in examining globalization was Karl Marx. He articulated that the dialectical nature of economic changes had given rise to socio-political forces, creating new socio-economic middle class facilitating new production and; hence, creating new changes that would have global impact. Therefore, it is important to unfold Marx's perspective in understanding the roots of globalization and how global economic activities can lead to social and political changes whose inertia, direction, and force cannot be controlled, although attempts will be made, by governments.    

Karl Marx explained how social structure has been and continues to be impacted by economic changes which in turn may create new political realities. Marx put forth few simple ideas:

1.      As new technologies are invented and trade between countries are expanded, new socio-economic class of citizens in each country is created that he called bourgeoisie that we know as middle class. Middle class worked as managers, supervisors, and essentially facilitators of production and movements of goods and services   

2.      New technologies, such as transportation and production, will help owners of capital to explore different countries for cheaper labor and raw material to help them improve their profit and expand their capital base.  

3.      The middle class will gradually become mere wage earners at the mercy of capital owners who control all the resources and become victims of the collective labor power in bargaining for taking away the profits from capital owners through asking for higher wages and more benefits.

4.      Eventually, middle class facilitative role will be replaced by mechanized new technologies and its economic importance will degraded due to social structural changes and mass production and distribution.

5.      At the end, the capital owners and laborers will emerge as two remaining socio-economic classes where each class will be determined to fight for the control of political power on global basis.

Marx provided a context for new globalization. He, essentially, provided a clear road map as to how and why globalization takes place. Therefore, it is important to delineate what impact, if any, Marx had on the way we should view ourselves as globalists, above and beyond national borders, as a member of human race.     

Globalist: A Journey Towards

We begin our journey by defining what we mean by being a globalist. Some, in the academia, have defined global as interaction between more than few countries. We define globalist as a person or people who transcend cultural, social, and economic orientation of a particular country to address the needs of humanity to move towards logical peaceful collaboration of all countries and all nationalities in creating sustainable life, appreciating the bio diversity, utilizing resources to maintain life, improve life for all races, nationalities, and hold all countries and citizens to the same ethical standards.

In the coming days, we will examine the historical context of globalization as articulated by philosophers, ethicist, leaders while we look forward to the future to determine our individual obligations in creating a new global world order to save humanity as citizens of earth rather than pinning one country against another to benefit for individual benefits.